How DSR can revolutionize rice farming in Nepal

by Prem Raj Bhatt, Mosharaf Hossain, Swati Nayak

• IRRI and BAYER are working together to advance rice self-sufficiency in Nepal through the ScaleDirect Project
• Direct seeding is a rice establishment methodology optimized through new varieties and technologies
• DSR can help Nepalese farmers improve yields and livelihoods and make rice farming more sustainable and climate-friendly

Nepal — In the rural landscapes of Western Nepal, a quiet agricultural transformation is underway. Direct-seeded rice, or DSR, a traditional rice cultivation enhanced by scientific knowledge and innovation, is bringing environmental and economic benefits to local rice farmers. With support from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and BAYER Crop Science, farmers are testing new varieties to boost yields, lower costs, and enhance climate resilience.

Addressing Nepal’s rice challenges

Nepal, with a population of 30 million, has one of the highest per-capita rice consumption rates globally, averaging 138 kg per person per year. Yet, the country produces just 3.8 tons of rice per hectare and spends nearly $322 million annually on rice imports to meet domestic demand. Achieving self-sufficiency in rice production has become a national priority, and DSR has emerged as a promising solution.

Rice direct seeding involves directly sowing seeds into the field, rather than transplanting seedlings from nurseries as is done in widespread traditional rice farming. The modernized direct-seeding approach, however, includes improved DSR-specific rice varieties, advanced seed drills, and enhanced weed management, making it more attractive to farmers looking for ways to address labor shortages, reduce water usage, and cut greenhouse gas emissions.