Boosting India's Rice Yields: A data-driven approach to sustainable agriculture

Big data and machine learning combined with scenario and spatial analysis can identify context-dependent pathways for sustainable intensification. Analytics-led strategies for crop intensification can generate transformative advances in productivity, profitability, and environmental outcomes.

INDIA, October 18, 2024 – As the world’s largest rice exporter and a crucial player in global food security, India has made impressive strides in agricultural productivity since the Green Revolution. However, a significant gap remains between the rice yields that farmers currently achieve and what they could potentially produce. A recent study published in Nature Communications titled ” Context-dependent agricultural intensification pathways to increase rice production in India ” reveals innovative strategies to narrow these gaps using data-driven methods, with a special focus on Eastern India.

The study, conducted by researchers from Cornell University, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), aimed to identify the barriers holding back rice production in seven key rice-producing states. Analyzing data from over 15,800 fields, the researchers discovered that rice yields vary significantly across regions, with average yields ranging from 3.3 to 5.5 tons per hectare.

These findings highlight substantial yield gaps in regions like Bihar, Odisha, and Uttar Pradesh, where the difference between average current yields and attainable yields ranges from 1.7 to 2.4 tons per hectare. This gap presents a significant opportunity to boost rice production through improved management techniques and sustainable farming practices.

The study pinpointed two critical factors affecting rice yields: nitrogen (N) fertilizer use and irrigation practices. These elements were found to be the main constraints in several states, including Bihar, Odisha, and Eastern Uttar Pradesh. In other areas, issues such as potassium (K) fertilizer application in West Bengal and rice variety…