India’s aggressive promotion of farmer producer organizations, which allow participants to pool resources, engage with markets, and share profits, has driven the creation of 44,460 FPOs since 2013, following the enactment of a new law allowing 10 or more farmers to form a company.
Most of the expansion has occurred in this decade, with 35,259 FPOs formed between 2020 and September 2024, overshooting the government’s own goal of 10,000, part of a $750 million program—the Central Sector Scheme for Formation and Promotion of FPOs—launched in 2020.