Identification and distribution of pathogens coinfecting with Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Rift Valley fever virus in humans, livestock and wildlife

Zoonotic diseases, such as brucellosis, Q fever and Rift Valley fever can have devastating effects on human, livestock, and wildlife health and cause economic hardship due to morbidity and mortality in livestock. Co-infection with multiple pathogens can lead to more severe disease outcomes and altered transmission dynamics. Developing countries have a high disease burden and thus common co-infections. This study carried out a literature survey to examine information on case reports and studies investigating co-infections involving brucellosis, Q fever and Rift Valley fever.