Approaches to water monitoring

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Monitoring is an activity that observes or tracks changes, usually for a specific purpose, over a period of time. Water monitoring is carried out for the purposes of determining water quality and/or water quantity. In 1992, the GEMS/Water (Global Environment Monitoring System for Water) program (UN Environment ), together with International Hydrological Program (UNESCO ), produced a comprehensive guidebook on water quality assessment, which was updated in 1996 (Chapman ). In this guidebook, water quality monitoring was defined as “..collection of information at set locations and at regular intervals in order to provide the data which may be used to define current conditions, establish trends…” (Meybeck and Helmer ). This definition can also be applied to monitoring water quantity.

Water monitoring, for both quality and quantity, is the fundamental activity that generates the data required for assessment of status and…

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