In Tunisia, the smallest land plots are overwhelmingly owned by female farmers, which comes with a set of challenges. The first difficulty they face is that large machinery widely used on greater land sizes cannot operate on tiny, uneven, and fragmented land plots. The labor shortage is another challenge for them, as many young people migrate from rural areas to cities, creating a manpower gap and increasing its cost. Female farmers have no other choice than to broadcast seeds and fertilizers manually, the traditional yet painstaking way. They devote a lot of time to this activity, which adds up to their already hectic days, filled with unpaid domestic chores. In addition, many seeds and fertilizers are wasted with manual broadcasting, as they are not distributed evenly.
